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TMA Articles and Commentary -
Current Issue
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Written by Ivan Eland
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Monday, 23 February 2009 |
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Obama’s Policy on Civil Liberties: Bush Lite? February 23, 2009 - The Multiracial Activist Ivan Eland
Barack Obama entered the presidency as one of the most rhetorically pro-civil liberties politicians in recent memory. And shortly after taking office, he drew applause from friends of liberty for promulgating executive orders closing Guantanamo and CIA secret prisons, ending CIA torture, suspending kangaroo proceedings at military tribunals, and pledging more openness than the secretive Bush administration. Unfortunately, instead of prosecuting Bush administration officials, including George W. Bush, for violating criminal statutes against torture, illegal wiretapping of Americans, and other misdeeds—thus avoiding the bad precedent of giving a president a free pass on illegal acts—Obama appears ready to vindicate the prior administration’s anti-terrorism program by adopting Bush Lite. Warning signs that Obama was softer on civil liberties than advertised came even before he took office, when as a Senator, he voted for blatantly unconstitutional legislation that allowed federal snooping into some e-mail messages and phone calls without a warrant. The Constitution implies that all government searches and seizures of private property require a judicially-approved warrant based on probable cause that a crime has been committed—with no exceptions mentioned, including for national security. Politicians love symbolic acts and Obama’s rapid pledge to shutter the high profile prison at Guantanamo and secret CIA prisons was widely praised. But if civil liberties continue to be violated elsewhere, have we made much progress? Obama’s nominees have said the administration will continue the CIA’s policy of “extraordinary rendition” of terrorism suspects—a euphemism for secret kidnapping without the legal nicety of extradition or any other procedural due process rights. Prior to the Bush administration, such government-sanctioned kidnapping was authorized only to return the suspects to their home countries. The Bush administration began using such renditions to abduct suspects and send them to third-party nations that practiced harsh torture—presumably to keep U.S. hands (relatively) clean. Leon Panetta, Obama’s CIA director, has said that the new administration will continue the Bush administration’s practice of rendition to third party countries and relying on those countries’ suspect diplomatic promises not to torture. Also, Obama supposedly banned CIA torture by executive order, but such orders are not laws and can be reversed with the stroke of a pen. What’s worse, although CIA director Panetta has admitted that water boarding (simulated drowning) is torture, he has also asserted publicly that if regular interrogation techniques did not produce information from a prisoner suspected of being involved in an imminent attack, he would request the authority to use harsher methods. In perhaps the most important of the civil liberties waffling, Elena Kagan, the administration’s nominee for solicitor general at the Justice Department, pledged to continue detaining indefinitely prisoners without trial, even if they were noncombatant terrorist financiers arrested far from a combat zone. Ominously, the Obama administration is stalling on taking a position on the even more important Bush-era policy of perpetually incarcerating “enemy combatants” without trial on U.S. territory. To stay within the U.S. Constitution, such vital habeas corpus rights, one of the pillars of the rule of law, should only be suspended by Congress in areas where combat has rendered the civilian courts inoperable—hardly the case in the United States during the never-ending “war on terror.” Although Obama’s executive order suspended the Bush administration’s kangaroo military tribunals, which have insufficient legal procedural safeguards, it has kept its options open on their resumption. Finally, the new administration has mimicked the Bush administration’s use of the “state secrets” doctrine to try to nix lawsuits by former CIA detainees and, for the same reason, pressured another country’s court not to release information about U.S. torture of a prisoner. Traditionally, the doctrine was usually used to withhold specific evidence in a legal proceeding, not to nix entire cases against the government for malfeasance. So much for a more open government. The Obama administration is new and should be given a chance to do the right thing. Although certainly better than the lawless Bush administration, the new boss unsurprisingly resembles the old boss. Historically, party label has been a less good indicator about actual presidential policies than the era in which the chief executive served. For example, in terms of actual programs, Richard Nixon was the last liberal president, a chief executive who largely continued Lyndon Johnson’s government penetration into American society and even further expanded it. Similarly, Jimmy Carter started the move back to the right and Ronald Reagan continued it (but in practice he really wasn’t all that conservative). Civil liberties follow the general trend. After the first Word Trade Center bombing in 1993 and the Oklahoma City and Tokyo subway attacks in 1995, Bill Clinton signed the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, which augmented the government’s powers of surveillance on Americans and paved the way for the further vast expansion of such authority (and other aforementioned dramatic civil liberties violations of the Bush administration) after 9/11. Typically in American history, any crisis—such as 9/11—causes an expansion of government power. After the crisis recedes, a public reaction to government excesses usually ensues—as now exists with Bush policies. Yet government power never quite recedes to its pre-crisis level. Unfortunately, what we are likely to see from a post-9/11 Obama presidency is that same historical phenomenon playing out.
Ivan Eland Send email
Ivan Eland is Senior Fellow and Director of the Center on Peace & Liberty at The Independent Institute. Dr. Eland is a graduate of Iowa State University and received an M.B.A. in applied economics and Ph.D. in national security policy from George Washington University. He has been Director of Defense Policy Studies at the Cato Institute, and he spent 15 years working for Congress on national security issues, including stints as an investigator for the House Foreign Affairs Committee and Principal Defense Analyst at the Congressional Budget Office. He is author of the books, Recarving Rushmore: Ranking the Presidents on Peace, Prosperity, and Liberty, The Empire Has No Clothes: U.S. Foreign Policy Exposed, and Putting “Defense” Back into U.S. Defense Policy. Full Biography and Recent Publications
New from Ivan Eland! THE EMPIRE HAS NO CLOTHES: U.S. Foreign Policy Exposed (Updated Edition) Most Americans don’t think of their government as an empire, but in fact the United States has been steadily expanding its control of overseas territories since the turn of the twentieth century. In The Empire Has No Clothes, Ivan Eland, a leading expert on U.S. defense policy and national security, examines American military interventions around the world from the Spanish-American War to the invasion and occupation of Iraq. Learn More »» |
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TMA Articles and Commentary -
Current Issue
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Written by Jonathan J. Bean
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Thursday, 12 February 2009 |
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NAACP 100th Anniversary: Exploiting Color Instead of Erasing It February 12, 2009 - The Abolitionist Examiner Jonathan J. Bean
George Orwell famously wrote “who controls the past controls the future: who controls the present controls the past.” As the NAACP celebrates its 100th anniversary, its leaders present a past that squares with its present positions on racial preferences, welfare, and a public school monopoly that traps poor children in failed schools. But that is not the NAACP’s past. The historic achievements of the NAACP—all but forgotten by most Americans—derived from a passionate dedication to colorblindness and individual freedom. From its founding in 1909 until the 1960s, the NAACP fought for a “colorblind Constitution.” Since then, it has become just another interest group pleading for favors. This flip-flop would make splendid material for an Orwellian novel: preference is equality, some “more equal” than others. The history of the NAACP is usually presented as a story of triumphant radicalism. School children learn about the contributions of NAACP founder W.E.B. DuBois but do not learn that DuBois quit the NAACP in the mid-1930s, joined the Communist Party, and left the country for self-exile in Africa. The forgotten colorblind tradition of the NAACP can be told through the story of other key figures. The NAACP’s cofounders included lawyers Moorfield Storey and Louis Marshall, two white men dedicated to the principle of colorblind law. From 1909 to 1929, the NAACP relied on their legal firepower. As NAACP president, Storey successfully challenged cities that segregated neighborhoods by law. In 1917, the Supreme Court overturned this residential apartheid—a victory that came thirty-seven years before Brown v. Board of Education. Louis Marshall followed with a victory in Nixon v. Herndon (1927), a decision banning the Democratic Party’s “white-only primaries.” Marshall also won a case in favor of school choice, winning a ruling that laws banning private schools, pushed in many states by the Ku Klux Klan, were unconstitutional. The court ruled in this historic case that private schools could not be banned because children were not “mere creature[s] of the state.” Today’s NAACP ought to take note of the irony: Its opposition to “school choice” is the position once taken by the bigots of the KKK. Black lawyers took the lead from the 1930s onward. A young Thurgood Marshall, who became NAACP chief counsel at the age of thirty-two, after winning the very first case he argued before the Supreme Court, shared the colorblind sentiments of Storey and Louis Marshall. An aide recalled: “Marshall had a ‘Bible’ to which he turned during his most depressed moments. . . . Marshall would read aloud passages from Harlan’s amazing dissent [in Plessy v. Ferguson]. I do not believe we ever filed a major brief in the pre-Brown days in which a portion of that opinion was not quoted. Marshall’s favorite quotation was, ‘Our Constitution is color-blind.’ It became our basic creed.” In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), Marshall asked the Supreme Court to desegregate schools and end Plessy’s “separate but equal” standard by declaring the Constitution colorblind. Instead, the court based its decision on dubious sociology. Nevertheless, into the 1960s the NAACP continued to argue that racial classifications were dangerous. For example, a letter writer asked NAACP attorney Robert L. Carter where the group stood on a bill to repeal racial identification on marriage certificates. Carter responded: “Color designations on birth certificates, marriage licenses and the like can serve no useful purpose whatsoever. If we are prepared to accept the basic postulate of our society—that race or color is an irrelevance—then contentions that race and color statistics are of social science value become sheer sophistical rationalization.” Likewise, Clarence Mitchell, the NAACP’s chief lobbyist for nearly three decades, declared that “the minute you put race on a civil service form . . . you have opened the door to discrimination.” Beginning in the 1970s, however, the Supreme Court upheld “benign” discrimination in the name of equality. When President Richard Nixon held out the prospect of racial preferences in jobs and government contracts, the NAACP shifted course and began seeking these favors. Those who still supported colorblind law became the new enemy. George Orwell was famous for challenging the “smelly little orthodoxies” of his time. The wayward NAACP needs the smelling salts of dissidents who can recapture the proud tradition that recent leaders have betrayed. They can begin by honestly presenting the history of “the civil rights century.” That history would be marked by the quest for a colorblind society—a legacy of liberty that contemporary NAACP leaders have abandoned. Jonathan J. Bean is Research Fellow at the Independent Institute, Professor of History at Southern Illinois University, and editor of the Institute book, Race and Liberty in America: The Essential Reader.
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TMA Articles and Commentary -
Current Issue
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Written by Alvaro Vargas Llosa
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Wednesday, 11 February 2009 |
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Darwin and the Right February 11, 2009 - The Abolitionist Examiner Alvaro Vargas Llosa
WASHINGTON—Polls, particularly in the United States, tell us that many conservatives still distrust Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. The bicentennial of his birth should be a fitting occasion for the right to take another look at a man who contributed immensely to some ideas that it holds dear. Darwin was not an atheist but a Victorian believer. He was not a proto-Marxist but a liberal, which in 19th-century Britain meant someone who favored individual liberty over big government. Darwin was an admirer of John Locke and Adam Smith, two of the greatest thinkers of freedom. And although he was influenced by Malthus, whose writings on overpopulation were later used by critics of capitalism to justify collectivism, Darwin used that political economist’s ideas in biology, not political economy. Darwin did not set out to deny God. Anyone who has read “The Origin of Species,” “The Descent of Man” or his correspondence is immediately struck by how careful Darwin was to avoid what we would today call an “ideological agenda.” But this diligent student of nature did make one shattering discovery: not the theory of evolution itself, which had been proposed many times and can be traced back to the Greeks, but the fact that evolution is a random process of natural selection whereby certain variations that become well-adapted to the environment are gradually preserved through hereditary transmission. Ultimately, all species have a common origin. This finding posed a cataclysmic challenge to the established church, comparable to the re-examination of Aristotle in the 12th and 13th centuries or the displacement of the Earth from the center of the universe in the 16th and 17th centuries. But unlike the teachings of Aristotle, which were absorbed by the church through Thomas Aquinas, and the findings of Copernicus, Galileo and Newton, which were reconciled with religion by rational Christianity and Deism, Darwin’s books have remained anathema to many believers. The pope finally accepted his teachings in the 1990s and the Anglican Church recently apologized to him. But for millions of Christians, Darwin remains unacceptable. And yet science has confirmed and expanded Darwin’s theory, using it to great advantage. What he called the “mystery” of variation in offspring was explained by modern genetics. DNA sequencing and molecular biology have helped to understand the evolution of viruses and therefore to protect people from diseases. Darwin’s teachings have been caricatured and grossly distorted. Social Darwinism, which turned his biological theory into a sociopolitical one to justify eugenics, harmed his reputation. But Darwin was an early opponent of slavery and, precisely because he identified a common origin in nature, he did more than anybody to debunk the notion that different races belong to different species. Herein should lie Darwin’s appeal to the right: The English naturalist gave scientific validity to the revolutionary idea that order can be spontaneous, neither designed by nor beholden to an all-powerful authority. The struggle for existence that drives natural selection according to Darwin has nothing predetermined about it. In fact, he maintained that the presence of certain habits, values and institutions, including religion—themselves part of man’s adaptation to the environment—can impact evolution. The instinct of sympathy, for instance, drives some stronger members of the human species to help weaker ones, thereby mitigating the struggle for existence. It is fascinating that conservatives who advocate for a spontaneous order—the free market—in political economy and decry social engineering as a threat to progress and civilization should resent Darwin’s overwhelming case for the idea that order can design itself. In an essay in the British publication The Spectator, the conservative science writer Matt Ridley reflects on the paradox that the left has claimed Darwin even though leftist political ideas contradict his basic teaching: “In the average European biology laboratory you will find fervent believers in the individualist, emergent, decentralized properties of genomes who prefer dirigiste determinism to bring order to the economy.” The bicentennial of Darwin’s birth is a good opportunity for those on the right who trash him as an icon of the left to give the author of “The Origin of Species” another chance.
Alvaro Vargas Llosa Send email
Alvaro Vargas Llosa is Senior Fellow of The Center on Global Prosperity at The Independent Institute. He is a native of Peru and received his B.S.C. in international history from the London School of Economics. His weekly column is syndicated worldwide by the Washington Post Writers Group, and his Independent Institute books include Lessons From the Poor: Triumph of the Entrepreneurial Spirit, The Che Guevara Myth: And the Future of Liberty, and Liberty for Latin America.
Full Biography and Recent Publications (c) 2009, The Washington Post Writers Group
New from Alvaro Vargas Llosa! The Che Guevara Myth and the Future of Liberty Nearly four decades after his death, the legend of Che Guevara has grown worldwide. In this new book, Alvaro Vargas Llosa separates myth from reality and shows that Che’s ideals re-hashed centralized power—long the major source of suffering and misery for the poor. Learn More »» |
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TMA Articles and Commentary -
Current Issue
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Written by James A. Landrith
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Monday, 09 February 2009 |
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Marcella Chester has an interesting posting on the Timothy Cole case and the backlash the rape victim has received by some. She and I agree on much with regard to this case, but there is one key sticking point. As Marcella and I are both rape survivors, we have our own internal biases and emotions to bring to this subject. I have tried to balance my own feelings as rape survivor with regard to what this woman endured vs. the travesty of justice that occurred to Timothy Cole. I believe there is room for understanding and compassion for both sides without unduly expecting one party to ignore current realities in the process. The facts are this: A white woman (Michelle Malin) was raped by a black man. Police put an innocent, non-smoking asthmatic black man (Timothy Cole) in the lineup knowing full well that the perp was a chain-smoker. A white woman ID'd said innocent black man in lineup for said crime. Innocent black man was sentenced to 25 years and died in prison while having an asthma attack.
It is not uncommon for the police to orchestrate a witness ID to achieve a pre-determined result, especially if the perp is black and the victim is white. It sounds like this was likely the case here. In addition, cross-racial witness IDs are notoriously unreliable. Both police and prosecutors know this well and exploit same regularly. The prosecutorial staff and police involved in this case need to be investigated thoroughly by an independent entity and the guilty parties should serve some real time. An "oops my bad" does not suffice when someone's life is ruined, regardless of what crime they were investigating at the time. The legal system is supposed to be about punishing the guilty and securing justice for the victim(s), not ensuring a win for the prosecution the facts be damned as it is all about today. The police and prosecutors murdered this man by ignoring key pieces of evidence, like his status as an asthmatic. He should have been ruled out as a suspect in 5 seconds. PERIOD.
Further, a woman who was raped was set up by the system to make a bad ID and she will now be haunted by that for a long time. Cole should never have been presented to her as a possible suspect. She couldn't have ID'd him if he had not been shown to her in the first place by the police who knew he was not a smoker.
I am glad to see that she was helping to clear his name upon learning of his innocence. She could easily have been drowning in PTSD and self-guilt right now or even denied that an innocent man was convicted, as sometimes happens in cases of wrongful convictions for any violent crime. I also have to say that I am impressed by Cole's family for not being angry with her over the ID. Regardless of what happened to her (which is not their fault or concern), their child was innocent and he is dead forever. They very easily could have blamed her and justified it to themselves without little effort. It would be misdirected blame, but it would ridiculous of anyone to expect them to be superhuman in their grief for a son who was murdered by the Texas justice system for the sole crime of sharing the same skin color as Mallin's rapist.
I'm going to guess that Cole, given his asthma was not some big, tough athletic guy and probably did not fare well behind bars. While there has been no disclosure in such regard, I'd not be surprised if he was raped in prison as well - given his asthma was not treated properly by the state and eventually led to his death behind bars.
In the end, we have a rape victim who is going to be haunted by the role that authorities orchestrated her into playing by including this innocent man in the lineup and then relying on a cross-racial witness ID, and a dead man who may have endured the same crime he died in prison for after so many years.
This is a horrible tragedy no matter what angle we examine it from. Marcella takes exception to the idea of Cole's family having any justification for being angry with her for the false ID in her response to my comments on her blog entry. I disagree and point out the fact that many black men have served decades in prison for crimes they did not commit after being accused by white women. I went into great detail about how the police and prosecution should have never put Cole in front of her in the first place. There is some serious racial baggage involved with such cases that Marcella is clearly not grasping and is falsely labeling disagreement in that regard as victim-blaming. Pretending that such baggage does not exist is a form of skin color privilege that only those clueless to the reality would/could assert in such a cavalier manner. As Marcella pointed out, the ID was bad. The victim did not intend to ID the wrong man. We both agree there.
However, and this is important and some may not understand this or want to, but the point that has many upset is not just that an innocent man went to jail, but an innocent black man was, once again by a white victim ID, incarcerated for a crime he did not commit and only later found to be innocent decades after it was too late. There is a bit more to it than just a bad witness ID. It would be a form of victim-blaming itself to expect the Coles to live in a vacuum with regard to how black males are treated in the criminal justice system. Having been married to a black woman for 15 years, I understand this on a level cannot be easily discerned by someone outside of such experiences.
It is not as simple as just understanding how witness IDs work as Marcella asserts in her comment responses to me. The same understanding she grants to the victim for the bad ID she is denying to the family of Cole for any anger they could be feeling for that bad ID.
As the father of two multiracial (half-black) sons, I am aware of this on a daily basis as my boys go out into the world. I have to worry not only about how justice can be miscarried without malicious intent, but how it can happen in conjunction with skin color prejudices.
This case is about more than the misuse of witness IDs. It was also about race, which the Coles have very good reason to be angry about. To be perfectly clear, once again because I am being falsely accused of such, I did not say they should blame her for being raped, which is what Marcella's reference to victim-blaming clearly seems to imply. Disagreeing with Marcella's assertion that the Coles should be expected to only be angry at the police and prosecution and ignore the role the victim who ID'd him played in the process does not equal blaming the victim for being raped. Do I think they should blame her? No, but I recognize that while there should be understanding toward this woman for this mistaken ID, there should also be a requisite amount of understanding given any of his family members who were angry about the ID.
Being angry about a bad witness ID that cost a man his life is not the same thing as blaming a woman for being raped or claiming she was never raped, contrary to Marcella's ridiculous assertions. The two concepts are not even close and I consider any inference to the contrary to be a deliberate misrepresentation of my comments. One cannot possibly confuse the two without trying.
Further, had this country not had a history of incarcerating black men for crimes they did not commit, there would be no need for the Coles to have a very large emotional hill to climb in order to not be angry about the ID. To expect them to ignore this history is unrealistic. Marcella may not see it that way, but to imply that equals victim-blaming is simply false and something that requires further education for many who don't have to worry about such things on a regular basis. In the end, Marcella ignores the fact that even Michelle Mallin disagrees with her on the point of anger as far as Cole's family is concerned. She went to Cole's mother to seek forgiveness for the multiple bad IDs and testimony that contributed to her son's death in prison. Clearly, Mallin recognized that the Coles may have cause for anger too, and not just at the legal system. Cole's mother refused the apology as she said none is necessary choosing to focus on getting her son exonerated completely. I say they are both to be applauded and that Mallin should not be second-guessed. Clearly, Mallin's own feelings on the matter are not in alignment with Marcella Chester. I think Mallin, as the victim, gets the final say. With regard to his dying in prison not being murder, I wholeheartedly disagree with Marcella on this point. I understand her point, but disagree. Unless however, there is evidence that he received far better treatment for his asthma on the inside than he would have as an employed college graduate on the outside had his life continued without interruption by the criminal justice system. Downplaying his death in prison by calling it something other than murder seems abhorrent and callous to me. The man died in prison serving time for a crime he didn't commit. I'd call that murder any day of the week. Sincerely, James A. Landrith, Jr. Founder and Publisher, The Multiracial Activist Be first to comment this article | Add as favourites (175) | Quote this article on your site | Views: 1840 |
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Last Updated ( Tuesday, 10 February 2009 )
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Advocacy and Letters -
Letters to Government Agencies Signed by TMA
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Written by Coalition
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Thursday, 29 January 2009 |
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262 Public Interest Organizations Support Swift Action to Restore Strong, Comprehensive Whistleblower Rights
January 29, 2009
To: President Barack Obama; Senator Daniel Akaka, Senator Susan Collins, Senator Joseph Lieberman, Senator George Voinovich, Rep. Edolphus Towns, Rep. Darrell Issa, Rep. Chris Van Hollen The undersigned organizations and corporations, representing millions of Americans, write to support the completion of the landmark, nine-year legislative effort to restore credible whistleblower rights for government employees. We offer our support to expeditiously re-initiate the process of reconciling House and Senate passed versions of this vital good government legislation, which both chambers passed last Congress as H.R. 985 and S. 274. Whistleblower protection is a foundation for any change in which the public can believe. It does not matter whether the issue is economic recovery, prescription drug safety, environmental protection, infrastructure spending, national health insurance, or foreign policy. We need conscientious public servants willing and able to call attention to waste, fraud and abuse on behalf of the taxpayers.
Unfortunately, every month that passes has very tangible consequences for federal government whistleblowers, because none have viable rights. Last year an average of 16 whistleblowers lost every month in initial decisions from administrative hearings at the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB). For final rulings by the MSPB, the record is 2- 53 under the current Chair. Since January, the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals, which has a monopoly on appellate review, has ruled against whistleblowers in another thirteen consecutive decisions on the merits, leaving a track record of 3-206 since October 1994 when Congress last strengthened the law.
We stand ready to provide any information that would help expedite the process, and to help you come to agreement on any unresolved issues. Any compromise should protect several critical provisions, which have already passed with overwhelming support. It is crucial that the final bill: - Grant employees the right to a jury trial in federal court;
- Specifically protect federal scientists who report efforts to alter, misrepresent, or suppress federal research;
- Extend meaningful protections to FBI and intelligence agency whistleblowers;
- Strengthen protections for federal contractors, as strong as those provided to DoD contractors and grantees in last year’s defense authorization legislation;
- Extend meaningful protections to Transportation Security Officers (screeners);
- Neutralize the government’s use of the “state secrets” privilege;
- Bar the MSPB from ruling for an agency before whistleblowers have the opportunity to present evidence of retaliation;
- Provide whistleblowers the right to be made whole, including compensatory damages;
- Grant comparable due process rights to employees who blow the whistle in the course of a government investigation or who refuse to violate the law; and
- Remove the Federal Circuit’s monopoly on precedent-setting cases.
We know that your offices share the commitment of every group signing the letter below and we deeply appreciate the years of effort to create more accountability in government. Please let us know how we can participate to expeditiously complete this badly needed good government reform. Once the reconciled version becomes law, the real winners will be the public!
Sincerely,
Marcel Reid, Chair ACORN 8
Adele Kushner, Executive Director Action for a Clean Environment
Pamela Miller, Director Alaska Community Action on Toxics
Dan Lawn, President Alaska Forum on Environmental Responsibility
Cindy Shogun, Executive Director Alaska Wilderness League
Ryan Pleune, Outreach Alice Ferguson Foundation
Susan Gordon, Director Alliance for Nuclear Accountability
Rochelle Becker, Executive Director Alliance for Nuclear Responsibility
Gil Mileikowsky, M.D. Alliance for Patient Safety
Linda Lipsen, Senior Vice President for Public Affairs American Association for Justice (AAJ)
Mary Alice Baish, Acting Washington Affairs Representative American Association of Law Libraries
F. Patricia Callahan, President and General Counsel American Association of Small Property Owners
John W. Curtis, Ph.D., Director of Research and Public Policy American Association of University Professors
Christopher Finan, president American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression
Caroline Fredrickson, Director, Washington Legislative Office American Civil Liberties Union
Michael D. Ostrolenk American Conservative Defense Alliance
Dr. Paul Connett, Executive Director American Environmental Health Studies Project, Inc.
John Gage, National President American Federation of Government Employees
Charles M. Loveless, Director of Legislation American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees (AFSCME)
Mary Ellen McNish, General Secretary American Friends Service Committee
Caitlin Love Hills, National Forest Program Director American Lands Alliance
Jessica McGilvray, Assistant Director American Library Association
Alexandra Owens, Executive Director American Society of Journalists and Authors
Charlotte Hall, President American Society of Newspaper Editors
Patricia Schroeder, President and CEO Association of American Publishers
Ms. Bobbie Paul, Executive Director Atlanta WAND (Women's Action for New Directions)
Samuel H. Sage, President Atlantic States Legal Foundation, Inc.
Jay Stewart, Executive Director Better Government Association
Matthew Fogg, First Vice-President Blacks in Government
Nancy Talanian, Director Bill of Rights Defense Committee
Diane Wilson, President Calhoun County Resource Watch
Peter Scheer, Executive Director California First Amendment Association
Terry Franke, Executive Director Californians Aware
Reece Rushing, Director of Regulatory and Information Policy Center for American Progress
William Snape, Senior Counsel Center for Biological Diversity
Charlie Cray, Director Center for Corporate Policy
Gregory T. Nojeim, Senior Counsel and Director, Project on Freedom, Security & Technology Center for Democracy and Technology
Joseph Mendelson III, Legal Director Center for Food Safety
J . Bradley Jansen, Director Center for Financial Privacy and Human Rights
Paul Kurtz, Chairman Center for Inquiry
Robert E. White, President Center for International Policy
Lawrence S. Ottinger, President Center for Lobbying in the Public Interest
Merrill Goozner, Director Integrity in Science Center for Science in the Public Interest
Linda Lazarus, Director Center to Advance Human Potential
Craig Williams, Director Chemical Weapons Working Group & Common Ground
Phil Fornaci, Counselor C.H.O.I.C.E.S.
Leonard Akers Citizens Against Incineration at Newport
Evelyn M. Hurwich, President and Chair Circumpolar Conservation Union
David B. McCoy, Executive Director Citizen Action New Mexico
Doug Bandow, Vice President for Policy Citizen Outreach
Deb Katz, Executive Director Citizens Awareness Network
Barbara Warren, Executive Director Citizens' Environmental Coalition
Elaine Cimino Citizens for Environmental Safeguards
James Turner, Chairman of the Board Citizens for Health
Michael McCormack, Executive Director Citizens for Health Educational Foundation
Gerard Beloin Citizens for Judicial Reform
Laura Olah, Executive Director Citizens for Safe Water Around Badger
Anne Hemenway, Treasurer Citizen's Vote, Inc.
Rick Piltz Climate Science Watch
John Judge Coalition on Political Assassinations 9/11 Research Project
Zena Crenshaw, 2nd Vice-Chair 3.5.7 Commission on Judicial Reform
Sarah Dufendach, Vice President for Legislative Affairs Common Cause
Greg Smith, Co-Founder Community Research
Clarissa Duran, Director Community Service Organization del Norte
Joni Arends, Executive Director Concerned Citizens for Nuclear Safety
Lokesh Vuyyuru, MD, Founder Concerned Citizens of Petersburg
Daniel Hirsch, Member, Executive Committee Concerned Foreign Service Officers
Matthew Fogg, President Congress Against Racism & Corruption in Law Enforcement (CARCLE)
Ellen Bloom, Director of Federal Policy Ami Gadhia, Policy Counsel Consumers Union
Bob Shavelson, Director Cook Inlet Keeper
Neil Takemoto, Director CoolTown Betta Communities
Tonya Hennessey, Project Director CorpWatch
Louis Wolf, Co-Founder CovertAction Quarterly
John Issacs, Executive Director Council for a Livable World
Anne Weismann, Chief Counsel CREW, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington
Cathy Harris, Founder, Executive Director Customs Employees Against Discrimination Association
Mary Elizabeth Beetham, Director of Legislative Affairs Defenders of Wildlife
Sue Udry, Director Defending Dissent Foundation
Paul E. Almeida, President Department for Professional Employees, AFL-CIO
Courtney Dillard, Founder Dillard-Winecoff Boutique Hotel
Ben Smilowitz, Director Disaster Accountability Project
Dr. Patrick Campbell Doctors against Fraud
Dr. Disamodha Amarasinghe Doctors for National Healthcare
James J. Murtagh, Jr., President Doctors for Open Government
Dr. John Raviotta Doctors for Reform of JCAHO
Stephen D'Esposito, President Earthworks
Larry Chang, Founder EcolocityDC
Thea Harvey, Executive Director Economists for Peace and Security
Lisa Walker, executive director Education Writers Association
Mike Ewoll, Founder and Director Energy Justice Network
Gregory Hile EnviroJustice
Chuck Broscious, President Environmental Defense Institute
Judith Robinson, Director of Programs Environmental Health Fund
Peter Montague, Ph.D, Director Environmental Research Foundation
Jason Zuckerman The Employment Law Group
John Richard Essential Information
George Anderson Ethics in Government Group (EGG)
Bob Cooper Evergreen Public Affairs
Gabe Bruno FAA Whistleblowers Alliance
Robert Richie, Executive Director FairVote
Janet Kopenhaver, Washington Representative Federally Employed Women (FEW)
Steven Aftergood, Project Director Federation of American Scientists
Marilyn Fitterman, Vice President Feminists for Free Expression
Ellen Donnett, Administrative Director Fluoride Action Network
Andrew D. Jackson, Asst. Campaign Coordinator Focus-On-Indiana for Judicial Reform
Wenonah Hauter, Executive Director Food and Water Watch
Bob Darby, Coordinator Food Not Bombs/Atlanta
Andy Stahl Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics (FSEEE)
Tom Ferguson, Coordinator Foundation for Global Community/Atlanta
Ruth Flower, Legislative Director Friends Committee on National Legislation (Quakers)
Conrad Martin, Executive Director Fund for Constitutional Government
Gail Naftalin, Owner Gail’s Vegetarian Catering
Karyn Jones, Director G.A.S.P Group to Alleviate Smoking Pollution
Gwen Marshall, Co-Chairman Georgians for Open Government
Denny Larson, Executive Director Global Community Monitor
Paul F. Walker, Ph.D., Legacy Program Director Global Green USA (The US Affiliate of Green Cross International, Mikhail Gorbachev, Chairman)
Bill Owens, President The Glynn Environmental Coalition
Tom Devine, legal director Government Accountability Project
Bill Hedden, Executive Director Grand Canyon Trust
Molly Johnson, Area Coordinator Grandmothers for Peace, San Luis Obispo County Chapter
Alexis Baden-Mayer Grassroots Netroots Alliance
Luci Murphy Gray Panthers of Metropolitan Washington
Alan Muller Green Delaware
Jenefer Ellingston Green Party of the United States
James C. Turner, Executive Director HALT, Inc. -- An Organization of Americans for Legal Reform
Tom Carpenter, Executive Director Hanford Challenge
Arthur S. Shoor, President Healthcare Consultants
Helen Salisbury, M.D. Health Integrity Project
Vanessa Pierce, Executive Director Healthy Environment Alliance of Utah (HEAL Utah)
Gerry Pollet Heart of America Northwest
Liz Havstad, Chief of Staff Hip Hop Caucus
Doug Tjapkes, President Humanity for Prisoners
Keith Robinson, Interim President Indiana Coalition for Open Government
Scott Armstrong, Executive Director Information Trust
Arjun Makhijani, Ph.D., President Institute for Energy and Environmental Research
Brenda Platt, Co-Director Institute for Local Self-Reliance
Donald Soeken, President Integrity International
Michael McCray, Esq., Co-Chair International Association of Whistleblowers
Mory Atashkar, Vice President Iranian American Democratic Association
Mark S. Zaid James Madison Project
John Metz, Executive Director JustHealth
Brett Kimberlin, Director Justice Through Music
Elizabeth Crowe, Director Kentucky Environmental Foundation
Tom FitzGerald, Director Kentucky Resources Council, Inc.
Kit Wood, Director Kit’s Catering
James Love Knowledge Ecology International
Josephine Carol Cicchini LeapforPatientSafety
Jonathon Moseley, Executive Director Legal Affairs Council
James Plummer Liberty Coalition
Greg Mello, Executive Director Los Alamos Study Group
Dr. Janette Parker Medical Whistleblower
Ayize Sabater, Organizer Mentors of Minorities in Education's Total Learning Cic-Tem
Jill McElheney, Founder Micah's Mission Ministry to Improve Childhood & Adolescent Health
Ellen Smith, Owner and Managing Editor Mine Safety and Health News
Mary Treacy, Executive Director The Minnesota Coalition on Government Information
Helen Haskell Mothers Against Medical Error
Mark Cohn, President MPD Productions, Inc.
James Landrith, Founder The Multiracial Activist
Larry Fisher, Founder National Accountant Whistleblower Coalition
Tinsley H. Davis, Executive Director National Association of Science Writers
Jim L. Jorgenson, Deputy Executive Director National Association of Treasury Agents
Dominick DellaSala, Ph.D., Executive Director of Programs and Chief Scientist National Center for Conservation Science & Policy
Joan E. Bertin, Esq., Executive Director National Coalition Against Censorship
Russell Hemenway, President National Committee for an Effective Congress
Sally Greenberg, Executive Director National Consumers League
Terisa E. Chaw, Executive Director National Employment Lawyers Association
Andrew Jackson National Judicial Conduct and Disability Law Project, Inc.
Kim Gandy, President National Organization for Women
Paul Brown, Government Relations Manager National Research Center for Women & Families
Sibel Edmonds, President and Founder National Security Whistleblowers Coalition
Pete Sepp, Vice President for Policy & Communications National Taxpayers Union
Colleen M. Kelley, National President National Treasury Employees Union
Steve Kohn, President National Whistleblower Center
Amy Allina National Women's Health Network
Terrie Smith, Director National Nuclear Workers For Justice
Doug Kagan, Chairman Nebraska Taxpayers for Freedom
Sr. Simone Campbell, SSS, Executive Director NETWORK, A National Catholic Social Justice Lobby
Ron Marshall, Chairman New Grady Coalition
Rick Engler, Director New Jersey Work Environment Council
Caroline Heldman Ph.D., Director New Orleans Women’s Shelter
Marsha Coleman-Abedayo, Chair No FEAR Coalition
Nina Bell, J.D., Executive Director Northwest Environmental Advocates
Alice Slater, Director Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, New York
David A. Kraft, Director Nuclear Energy Information Service (NEIS)
Michael Mariotte, Executive Director Nuclear Information and Resource Service
Jay Coghlan, Executive Director Nuclear Watch New Mexico
Gwen Lachelt, Executive Director Oil & Gas Accountability Project
Sean Moulton, Director, Federal Information Policy OMB Watch
Nikuak Rai, Arts Director One Common Unity
Rob Kall Op Ed News
Patrice McDermott, Executive Director OpenTheGovernment.org
Paul Loney, President Oregon Wildlife Federation
Ellen Paul, Executive Director The Ornithological Council
Joe Carson, Chair P. Jeffrey Black, Co-Chair OSC Watch Steering Committee
Judy Norsigian, Executive Director Our Bodies Ourselves
Betsy Combier, President and Editor Parentadvocates.org
Ashley Katz, MSW, Executive Director Patient Privacy Rights
Blake Moore Patient Quality Care Project
Dianne Parker Patient Safety Advocates
Former Special Agent Darlene Fitzgerald Patrick Henry Center
Paul Kawika Martin, Organizing, Political and PAC Director Peace Action & Peace Action Education Fund
Bennett Haselton, Founder Peacefire.org
Rev. Paul Alexander, Ph.D., Director Pentecostals & Charismatics for Peace & Justice
Michael McCally, MD, PhD, Executive Director Physicians for Social Responsibility
Dale Nathan, J.D., President POPULAR, Inc.
Vina Colley, President Portsmouth/Piketon Residents for Environmental Safety and Security (PRESS)
David Banisar, Director, FOI Project Privacy International
Evan Hendricks, Editor/Publisher Privacy Times
Robert Bulmash, President Private Citizen, Inc.
Ronald J Riley, President Professional Inventor's Alliance
Dr. Paul Lapides Professors for Integrity
Tim Carpenter, Director Progressive Democrats of America
Danielle Brian, Executive Director Project On Government Oversight
Ellen Thomas, Executive Director Proposition One Committee
David Arkush, Director, Congress Watch Public Citizen
Jeff Ruch, Executive Director Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility
Robert L. FitzPatrick, President Pyramid Scheme Alert
Dr. Diana Post, President Rachel Carson Council, Inc.
Lucy A. Dalglish, Executive Director The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
Kirsten Moore, President and CEO Reproductive Health Technologies Project
Tim Little, Executive Director Rose Foundation for Communities and the Environment
John W. Whitehead, president The Rutherford Institute
Adrienne Anderson, Coordinator Safe Water Colorado and Nuclear Nexus Projects Rocky Mountain Peace and Justice Center (Whistleblower Anderson v Metro Wastewater)
Angela Smith, Coordinator Seattle Healthy Environment Alliance (Seattle HEAL)
Dr. Roland Chalifoux The Semmelweis Society International (SSI)
Rufus Kinney Serving Alabama's Future Environment (SAFE)
Ed Hopkins, Director of Environmental Quality Program Sierra Club
Shane Jimerfield, Executive Director Siskiyou Project
Andrea Shipley, Executive Director Snake River Alliance
Matthew Petty, Executive Director The Social Sustenance Organization
Dave Aekens, National President Society of Professional Journalists
Amy B. Osborne, President Southeastern Chapter of the American Association of Law Libraries Don Hancock, Director of Nuclear Waste Safety Program Southwest Research and Information Center
Donna Rosenbaum, Executive Director S.T.O.P. - Safe Tables Our Priority
Kevin Kuritzky The Student Health Integrity Project (SHIP)
Daphne Wysham, Co-Director Sustainable Energy and Economy Network (SEEN)
Jeb White, Executive Director Taxpayers Against Fraud
Alec McNaughton Team Integrity
Ken Paff, National Organizer Teamsters for a Democratic Union Thad Guyer, Partner T.M. Guyer & Ayers & Friends
Marylia Kelley, Executive Director Tri-Valley CAREs Communities Against a Radioactive Environment
Paul Taylor Truckers Justice Center
Francesca Grifo, Ph.D., Director Scientific Integrity Program Union of Concerned Scientists
Dane von Breichenruchardt, President U.S. Bill of Rights Foundation
Dr. Joseph Parish U.S. Environmental Watch
Gary Kalman, Director, Federal Legislative Office U.S. Public Interest Research Group (U.S.PIRG)
Nick Mangieri, President Valor Press, Ltd.
Dr. Jeffrey Fudin, Founder Veterans Affairs Whistleblowers Coalition
Sonia Silbert, Co-Director Washington Peace Center
Nada Khader, Foundation Director WESPAC Foundation
Gloria G. Karp, Co-Chair Westchester Progressive Forum
Mabel Dobbs, Chair Livestock Committee Western Organization of Resource Councils
Ann Harris, Executive Director We the People, Inc
Janet Chandler, Co-Founder Whistleblower Mentoring Project Dan Hanley Whistleblowing United Pilots Association
Linda Lewis, Director Whistleblowers USA
John C. Horning, Executive Director WildEarth Guardians
Tracy Davids, Executive Director Wild South
Kim Witczak WoodyMatters
Tom Z. Collina, Executive Director 20/20 Vision
Paula Brantner, Executive Director Workplace Fairness
Cc: Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell Speaker Nancy Pelosi House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer House Minority Leader John Boehner
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